Posts

Showing posts with the label chemistry

"Discovering" new elements

Image
Four new elements in the periodic table have been "discovered. " But is "discovery" the right word here? Everyone already knew what these elements would be. And they weren't found in Antartica or a meteor or a distant star: they were deliberately created in a lab. It seems to me that "made" would be a more accurate description of what happened here.

Reductionism does not succeed even for simple physical phenomena

Here is a great anti-reductionist paper, in which the author demonstrates that: * Temperature is not equivalent to the particular mean molecular kinetic energy of a collection of molecules, since any collection will always have such a mean but it still may not have a temperature: “The appearance of the temperature as an argument in the Boltzmann distribution function n i = n 0 e -U i /kT is therefore precisely what it seems to be, a macroscopic determinant of a microscopic condition without which a gas does not have a temperature.” * Water is only a collection of H 2 O molecules in its gas phase. Even the purest of liquid water will contain many hydrogen and hydroxyl ions. So even such a simple substance as water does not reduce to H 2 O. The situation is worse with more complex molecules: " For example, methyl ether and ethanol share a Hamiltonian, the quantum mechanical description of their energetic properties. Nevertheless, they are very different molecules. Et...